Mari Berbagi Ilmu

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL BACKGROUND A. Theoritical Description 1. Speaking a. The Nature of speaking According to Harmer (2001) that the ability to speak fluently presupposes not only knowledge of language features, but also the ability to process information and language spot. In addition, he says that effective oral communication requires the ability to use the language appropriately in social interactions that involves not only verbal communication but also paralinguistic elements of speech such as pitch, stress, and intonation. Moreover, nonlinguistic elements such as gestures, body language, and expressions are needed in conveying messages directly without any accompanying speech. Harmer (2007) also says that good speaking activities can and should be extremely engaging for the students. If they are all fully and if the teacher has set up the activity properly and can then give sympathetic and useful feedback, they will get tremendous satisfaction from it. And finally,

APPENDIX 7 a. Assessing of Speaking According to Brown (2004) stated, “One solution is to assign not one but several scores for each response, each score representing one of several traits (pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary use, grammar, comprehensibility, etc) According to Brown (2004) Grammar Vocabulary Comprehension Fluency Pronunciation 1 Error in grammar are frequent, but speaker can be understood ‘by a native speaker’ used to dealing with foreigners attempting to speak his language Speaking vocabulary in adequate to express anything but the most elementary needs. Within the scope of his very limited language experience, can understand simple questions and statements if delivered with slowed speech, repetition, or paraphrase. (No specific fluency description. Refer to other four language areas for implied level of fluency. Errors in pronunciation ar

APPENDIX 6 Blue Print A.     Basic Competence          Speaking          Expressing meaning in the text monologue by using a variety of oral language accurately, fluently and thankful in the context of everyday life in the form of text: narrative, explanation, and discussion. B.     Indicator Expressing meaning in conversation transactional/interpersonal like: ·          Using the present tense to deliver a discussion text. ·          Telling the discussion text. C. Time Allocation 2 X 45 minutes D. Form of Test 1. Pre-test ·          Oral test -           Please introduce yourself and explain the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones! 2. Post-test ·          Oral test -           Please introduce yourself and explain the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones! E. Form of Test             1. Grammar                 (0-5)             2. Vocabulary              (0-5)             3. Comprehension       (